xNightR00T File Manager

Howto setup an ATAPI CD-RW/DVD+-RW recorder on Debian/Ubuntu
============================================================

This guide should be applicable to most kernel 2.6 using distributions of
GNU/Linux. For installations with kernel 2.4, continue reading below.

Kernel 2.6.*
============

If you have just one CD writer in your computer, CD-writing should work out of
the box. There should be a symbolic link /dev/cdrw which points to your actual
CD-Writer's device (e. g. /dev/hdb). If the link is not present (eg.  the
system is not using udev/devfs) or if you want to use a different device as
default, you can configure the device in /etc/wodim.conf:

  CDR_DEVICE=/dev/hdd

would configure the default device to be /dev/hdd, i. e. the slave
device on the secondary IDE bus.

You can always override this default setting with wodim's "dev"
option:

    wodim dev=/dev/hdc ...

Only users part of the system group "cdrom" are able to write CDs.
If you wish to allow non-root users to write CDs then add your users to the
cdrom group ("adduser user cdrom") and let the user completely logout and
re-login.
Note: with certain kernel versions wodim can fail with this message:
"wodim: Operation not permitted. Cannot send SCSI cmd via ioctl"
In this case it still does need the suid bit - please send patches if you have
identified the reason of that problem.

Kernel 2.4.* (for 2.5/2.6, see above)
=====================================

Where we start:
   Linux: Kernel 2.4.20-bf2.4 (Debian package kernel-image-2.4.20-bf2.4)
   Distribution: Debian Woody 3.0r2, i386
   Devices: one CDRW-Writer, one CDROM-drive, both ATAPI

1. Become root, try "grep hd.: /var/log/kern.log" to find out where your
   ATAPI-devices are connected to (hd?-names).
2. Edit your boot configuration file, eg. /etc/lilo.conf if you use
   lilo or the batch-file if you boot via loadlin.
3. Find a line where you can append additional kernel parameters, eg.
   "append=" in lilo.conf or the loadlin-line in the batch file.
4. Append sth. like this: "hdb=ide-scsi hdc=ide-scsi max_scsi_luns=1"
   The hdX-parameters defines devices that should be mapped to SCSI
   latter. You may do it with non-writers too, since the emulation layer
   is almost complete. Or omit some so the devices will use their
   native drivers (eg. ide-cd).
5. Save the file, reinstall the bootloader (ie. running "/sbin/lilo")
6. Call "modconf" in a console or xterm, enter the section 
   "kernel/drivers/scsi", load "sg" and "ide-scsi"
7. Reboot Debian, watch while booting, you should see a line like this:
   "Detected scsi CD-ROM sr0 at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0".
   Your old ATAPI devices virtually don't exist any longer, you cannot refer to
   /dev/hd* as CDROM drives. Use the SCSI equivalents instead, /dev/sr*.
8. Become root, setup devices:
      cd /dev
      MAKEDEV sg scd
      ln -s scd0 cdrom # NOTE: or cdrw, first check which drive is here
      ln -s scd1 cdrw  # NOTE: see above, maybe cdrom
   Check the new SCSI settings:
      wodim -scanbus
   Setup wodim's environment - edit /etc/wodim.conf:
      CDR_DEVICE=cdrw
      cdrw=1,0,0        4       8m
      cdrom=1,2,0       0       0m
   Insert the right values, the fields are described in the manpage
   of wodim. Alternatively, you may use these values as
   wodim-parameter or take a frontend with an own configuration
   scheme, then you don't need to modify /etc/wodim.conf.
   The columns must be separated by tabs.
9. It's done! Insert a CD and try "wodim -v -toc". To create your first CD-ROM, try:
   
   mkisofs -v -r -J /directory/to/be/written | wodim -v -dummy -

   (read wodim(1), "man 1 wodim", for details)

10. If you wish to allow non-root users to write CDs, you must give them 
    permissions to do so. Set suid-root permissions on the executable,
    then add your users to the cdrom group ("adduser user cdrom") and
    let the user completely logout and re-login.